Ninety-nine Indonesian pilgrims performing Hajj in Saudi Arabia have been diagnosed with pneumonia, with one fatality reported due to acute respiratory infection, according to the Indonesian Hajj Health Center.
The announcement was made on Thursday by Liliek Marhaendro Susilo, head of the center, who warned of the potential severity of the illness if not treated quickly and effectively.
“We must be cautious, as this condition can develop into a severe illness if not treated promptly and properly,” Susilo stated.
Data from Indonesia’s Hajj Health Clinics (KKHI) in Mecca and Medina, as of May 20, indicates that the affected pilgrims are spread across multiple groups and are currently receiving intensive care in referral hospitals in the two holy cities.
Susilo emphasized that pneumonia—an inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi—can be life-threatening, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions.
“In the crowded Hajj environment and extreme heat, the risk of respiratory infection transmission increases,” he noted.
Several contributing factors have been identified, including soaring temperatures in Mecca and Medina, which reached between 41°C and 47°C on Thursday. Prolonged exposure to heat without adequate hydration can lead to dehydration, increasing susceptibility to infections.
Physical fatigue from the demanding Hajj rituals also plays a role.
“From the long journey and obligatory Umrah to the peak rituals in Armuzna, the schedule requires strong physical endurance. Fatigue can compromise the immune system,” Susilo explained.
High population density during Hajj, along with underlying health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, further increases the risk of severe infection.
To mitigate the risk, Susilo urged pilgrims to adopt preventive measures:
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Wear masks in crowded places or when coughing or sneezing
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Practice frequent handwashing or use hand sanitizer
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Stay well-hydrated by drinking at least two liters of water daily
He also advised pilgrims to promptly report any health concerns to Hajj medical staff or visit the nearest health post.
“The health and safety of our pilgrims is our top priority,” Susilo concluded. “We are doing everything possible to ensure they complete their pilgrimage safely and return home in good health.”
